IntroductionArch truss bridges have been a staple in bridge engineering for centuries, combining the elegance of arches with the robustness of trusses. These structures are admired not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their functional strength. As infrastructure demands grow and evolve,

IntroductionCurved trusses are an integral part of modern architectural and engineering designs, offering both aesthetic appeal and structural efficiency. They are used in a variety of applications, from bridge construction to roofing systems, providing solutions that straight trusses may not adequa

Introduction Truss bridges have been a staple in engineering for centuries, celebrated for their efficiency, strength, and simplicity. Traditionally characterized by straight components arranged in triangular units, truss bridges are predominantly linear structures. However, with the advancement of